“灿鸿”台风风暴潮过程波流耦合效应数值研究

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230925

新澳门游戏网站入口院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 106-114.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230925

“灿鸿”台风风暴潮过程波流耦合效应数值研究

楚栋栋¹^,²(), 李梦雨¹^,², 朱勇辉²^,³, 元媛¹^,², 何子灿¹^,², 车助镁⁴, 张继才⁵()

¹ 新澳门游戏网站入口河流研究所,武汉 430010
² 新澳门游戏网站入口水利部长江中下游河湖治理与防洪重点实验室,武汉 430010
³ 新澳门游戏网站入口科技交流与国际合作处,武汉 430010
⁴ 浙江省自然资源厅海洋监测预报中心,杭州 310000
⁵ 华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海 200241

收稿日期:2023-08-28 修回日期:2023-10-30 出版日期:2025-01-01 发布日期:2025-01-01
通信作者:
张继才(1981-),男,山东莱芜人,研究员,博士,主要从事近海动力研究。E-mail: jicai_zhang@163.com
作者简介:
楚栋栋(1992-),男,安徽亳州人,工程师,博士,主要从事风暴潮数值模拟研究。E-mail: chudd@mail.crsri.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作专项”(2022YFE0117500); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2023293/HL); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2023328/HL); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2023343/HL)

Numerical Study on the Effects of Wave-Current Interaction for Typhoon-induced Storm Surges: A Case Study of Typhoon “Chan-hom”

CHU Dong-dong¹^,²(), LI Meng-yu¹^,², ZHU Yong-hui²^,³, YUAN Yuan¹^,², HE Zi-can¹^,², CHE Zhu-mei⁴, ZHANG Ji-cai⁵()

¹ River Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China
² Key Laboratory of Ministry of Water Resources on River & Lake Regulation and Flood Control in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China
³ International Cooperation Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010, China
⁴ Marine Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Department of Natural Resources of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received:2023-08-28 Revised:2023-10-30 Published:2025-01-01 Online:2025-01-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于FVCOM水动力模式和FVCOM-SWAVE海浪模式,构建了1509号台风“灿鸿”过境期间的波流耦合风暴潮模式;在对风暴潮增水和有效波高验证良好的基础上,开展了波流相互作用对增水的影响及风暴潮增水动力要素量化分析。研究发现:在近岸浅水海域,波流耦合作用对水位影响显著,在风暴潮增水极值时刻,其对水位的贡献率达14%左右,并且高潮位时刻波流耦合作用倾向于引起减水,低潮位时刻波流相互作用倾向于引起增水;考虑波流耦合后,有效波高模拟结果与实测数据更加吻合;风场对风暴潮增水起主导作用,影响范围集中在浙江近岸海域和杭州湾海域,最大风暴潮增水可达2 m;在开阔海域,气压对台风中心范围风暴潮增水作用显著,而在近岸海域特别是杭州湾湾顶,天文潮-风暴潮非线性相互作用和波流相互作用对风暴潮增水的作用增强,最大增水分别可达1.2 m和0.5 m。相关研究结果可为海岸防灾减灾提供参考。

关键词: 风暴潮, 波流相互作用, 耦合模式, 台风

Abstract:

Based on the FVCOM hydrodynamic model and the FVCOM-SWAVE wave model, we developed a wave-current coupled storm surge model for the Bohai sea, Yellow sea, and East China Sea during Typhoon “Chan-hom”. Following rigorous validation of surge elevations and significant wave heights, we quantified the impact of wave-current interaction on storm surge and identified key dynamic factors. Findings indicate that wave-current interaction significantly influences surge elevations in near-shore shallow waters, contributing approximately 14% to peak surge water levels. During high tide periods, wave-current interaction tends to reduce surge elevations, but increases surge levels during low tide periods. Accounting for wave-current interaction, the simulated significant wave heights show better agreement with observations. Additionally, the study compares the contributions of tide-surge interaction, wind field, and pressure to surge elevation. The wind field primarily drives surge elevations, with its effects most pronounced in the coastal waters of Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou Bay, where maximum surge elevations reach up to 2 m. In open sea areas, air pressure dominates surge elevations within the typhoon center’s radius. However, in coastal waters, particularly at the head of Hangzhou Bay, nonlinear tide-surge interaction and wave-current interaction significantly impact surge elevations, with respective maxima of 1.2 m and 0.5 m. These findings offer critical insights for enhancing coastal disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.

Key words: storm surge, wave-current interaction, coupled model, typhoon

中图分类号:

P751

楚栋栋, 李梦雨, 朱勇辉, 元媛, 何子灿, 车助镁, 张继才. “灿鸿”台风风暴潮过程波流耦合效应数值研究[J]. 新澳门游戏网站入口院报, 2025, 42(1): 106-114.

CHU Dong-dong, LI Meng-yu, ZHU Yong-hui, YUAN Yuan, HE Zi-can, CHE Zhu-mei, ZHANG Ji-cai. Numerical Study on the Effects of Wave-Current Interaction for Typhoon-induced Storm Surges: A Case Study of Typhoon “Chan-hom”[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(1): 106-114.

图/表 10

图1 实测站点位置及模型网格

Fig.1 Observation locations and model grids

表1 模型参数配置

Table 1 Parameter configuration in the model

模型参数	参数配置
网格范围	经度:115°E—136°E,纬度:15°N—42°N
分辨率	最大网格20 km,最小网格300 m
网格单元	节点:29 916,网格单元:57 125,垂向:σ层7层
运行时段	2015年6月30日—7月15日
时间步长	外模0.5 s,内模5.0 s,时间分裂模比10
波浪时间步长	5.0 s
谱分辨率 (频率×角度)	20×36
边界条件	水位驱动:4个全日分潮(K₁、O₁、P₁、O₁),4个半日分潮(M₂、S₂、N₂、K₂),3个浅水分潮(M₄、MS₄、 MN₄)和2个长周期分潮(M_f、M_m);径流数据: 大通日平均流量
初始条件	冷启动(水位、流速、波浪均为0;温度20 ℃; 盐度30 psu)
海浪谱形式	JONSWAP谱
风场和气压	NCEP-CFSR数据

图2 有效波高验证

Fig.2 Verification of significant wave height

图3 风暴潮水位验证

Fig.3 Verification of water level and surge elevation

图4 不同时刻下模型有效波高空间分布

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of significant wave height at different moments

图5 波流耦合与非波流耦合条件下不同站点处风暴潮增水与天文潮增水

Fig.5 Storm surge elevation and astronomical tide elevation under wave-current interaction and non-wave-current interaction conditions

图6 FVCOM-SWAVE与SWAVE模型有效波高时间变化差异

Fig.6 Difference of significant wave height between FVCOM-SWAVE and SWAVE model

图7 不同动力条件下风暴潮增水时间变化

Fig.7 Time series of storm surge elevation under different dynamic conditions

图8 不同动力条件下风暴潮增水空间分布

Fig.8 Spatial distribution of surge elevation under different dynamic conditions

表2 不同动力因素作用下风暴潮增水

Table 2 Surge elevation under different dynamic conditionsm

站点	净增水	波流相互作用	天文潮-风暴潮相互作用	风场	气压
S1	0.32	0.01	0.10	0.26	0.03
S2	0.27	0.04	0.07	0.21	0.16
S3	0.81	0.27	0.25	0.58	0.11
S4	1.50	0.12	0.42	1.15	0.32
S5	0.43	0.05	0.21	0.24	0.11

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“灿鸿”台风风暴潮过程波流耦合效应数值研究

Numerical Study on the Effects of Wave-Current Interaction for Typhoon-induced Storm Surges: A Case Study of Typhoon “Chan-hom”

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