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灌区渠道设置分水口的梯形节制闸水力特性试验研究

李琳1,2(), 刘岩1,2, 王延文3, 戴文鸿1,4   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院，乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052
    3.新疆塔城地区水利水电勘测设计院，新疆 塔城 834700
    4.河海大学水利水电学院，南京 210098
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-08 修回日期:2024-03-20 出版日期:2024-04-25
  • 作者简介:李 琳（1979-），女，山东青岛人，博士，教授，主要从事水力学及河流动力学研究。E-mail：lilin_xjau@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A182)

Experimental study on hydraulic characteristics of trapezoidal control gate with water diversion outlets in irrigation area

LI Lin1,2(), LIU Yan1,2, WANG Yan-wen3, DAI Wen-hong1,4   

  1. 1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
    2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052,;China
    3. Xinjiang Tacheng District Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute, Tacheng 834700, China
    4. College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
  • Received:2024-01-08 Revised:2024-03-20 Published:2024-04-25

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摘要：

研究分水口对闸前流态的影响以及不同边坡和分水角下梯形节制闸的流量系数和水头损失的变化规律，建立梯形节制闸流量公式，探究梯形节制闸水头损失规律，为灌区量水控水精确化提供支持。试验设置了3个边坡（m=1.5、1.75和2）5个分水角（θ=30°、45°、60°、75°和90°）不同开度、不同水头共495组试验，进行梯形节制闸门在分水条件不同时的过流试验，观察了分水口流态并分析了成因，运用量纲分析法建立了梯形节制闸流量公式，计算了节制闸的相对水头损失。在节制闸前形成了回水区，节制闸流量计算公式的相关系数R2=0.934，流量的平均相对误差为2.83%，相对水头损失随节制闸的相对开度增大而减小。梯形节制闸门的流量公式精度较高，可为灌区梯形渠道流量测量提供依据。

关键词: 梯形闸门, 节制闸, 分水口, 水头损失, 流量系数, 流量公式

Abstract:

The influence of the water inlet on the flow pattern in front of the gate and the variation law of the flow coefficient and head loss of the trapezoidal control gate under different slopes and water diversion angles are studied. The flow formula of the trapezoidal control gate is established, and the head loss law of the trapezoidal control gate is explored, which provides support for the accuracy of water measurement and control in the irrigation area. A total of 495 groups of tests with different opening degrees and different water heads were set up in three slopes ( m = 1.5,1.75 and 2 ) and five water diversion angles ( θ = 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 ° and 90 ° ). The over-current test of the trapezoidal control gate under different water diversion conditions was carried out. The flow pattern of the water outlet was observed and the causes were analyzed. The flow formula of the trapezoidal control gate was established by dimensional analysis method, and the relative head loss of the control gate was calculated. The backwater area is formed in front of the control gate. The correlation coefficient of the flow calculation formula of the control gate is R2 = 0.934, and the average relative error of the flow is 2.83 %. The relative head loss decreases with the increase of the relative opening of the control gate. The flow formula of the trapezoidal control gate has high accuracy, which can provide a basis for the flow measurement of the trapezoidal channel in the irrigation area.

Key words: trapezoidal gate, control gate, water inlet, head loss, flow coefficient, flow formula

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